Fort Benning Military Reservation is situated in Chattahoochee and Muscogee counties, to the southeast and east of Columbus, Georgia. It also extends across the Chattahoochee River into Russel Co., Alabama. Many diverse habitats are present, from the swamps along the Chattahoochee River, with an elevation of about 200 ft. (60m) above sea level, to high, dry and deep sand hills, at an elevation of over 700 ft. (215m). Several creeks (especially Bull, Oswichee, Uchee, and Upatoi) and their tributaries dissect the area. Many vegetation associations are present: bare earth and eroding hillsides; grassy drill fields and rifle ranges; shrubby fields and hillsides, with dense briar patches; hills and valleys with shortleafpine (Pinus echinata), loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), and longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) with a grassy ground cover, or with bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum); hills and valleys with mature deciduous trees and sparse ground cover; and deep sand hills with longleaf pine and turkey oak (Quercus laevis).